Epi-Metaphyseal Dysgenesis

Metaphyseal dysostosis.

Metaphyseal fibrous defects.

Nonossifying fibromas and fibrous cortical defects are the most common benign lesions of the skeletal system. They are frequently detected incidentally on radiographs taken for an unrelated reason. The diagnosis is routinely made solely on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographic appearance. The incidence of multifocal nonossifying fibroma is typically underestimated in ...

Applications of Epi-Retractable and Co-Epi-Retractable Modules

A module M is called epi-retractable if every submodule of M is a homomorphic image of M. Dually, a module M is called co-epi-retractable if it contains a copy of each of its factor modules. In special case, a ring R is called co-pli (resp. co-pri) if RR (resp. RR) is co-epi-retractable. It is proved that if R is a left principal right duo ring, then every left ideal of R is an epi-retractable ...

Gonadal dysgenesis

Disorders of sex development (DSD), previously referred to as intersex disorders, comprise a variety of congenital diseases with anomalies of the sex chromosome, the gonads, the reproductive ducts and the genitalia. DSD is loosely classified into four groups on the basis of histological features of the gonadal tissue: XX-DSD with two ovaries (female pseudohermaphroditism), XY-DSD with two testi...

Metaphyseal Fracture Healing

Most of what is known about fracture healing comes from studies of shaft fractures in long bones. In contrast, patients more often have fractures closer to the ends (metaphyses). Here most bone tissue has a spongy, cancellous structure different from the compact bone of the shaft. There is an increasing awareness that metaphyseal fractures heal differently. However, the more easily studied shaf...